PET HEALTH
What Vaccines Do Cats Need?
Cats need a combination of core vaccines — such as those for rabies and feline distemper — and optional vaccines, depending on their lifestyle. If you’ve recently welcomed a cat or kitten into your home, it’s essential to understand which vaccines are essential and which are optional.
While your veterinarian will guide you on the best options for your cat, it’s helpful to understand the basics of cat vaccinations ahead of time. This way, you’ll know what to expect and can make informed decisions about your cat’s health and well-being.
What Are Cat Vaccinations?
Cat vaccinations are medical injections that help protect your cat from a variety of infectious diseases. These vaccines work by stimulating (or “training”) your cat’s immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens, like viruses and bacteria, before they can cause serious illness.1
There are two types of cat vaccinations:
- Core vaccines: These are considered essential for all cats because they protect from diseases that are widespread and potentially deadly.2
- Non-core vaccinations: These vaccines may be recommended based on your cat’s lifestyle, environment, and risk of exposure to certain pathogens.3
Vaccinating your cat can help protect their health and prevent the spread of contagious diseases to other animals.1
Core Cat Vaccinations
The following vaccines are essential and, in some areas, may even be legally required.
Rabies
Rabies is one of the most crucial vaccines your cat needs. This shot is often required by law because rabies is highly contagious and can spread from cats to other mammals, including humans. Rabies is fatal if left untreated, so the vaccine is essential for your cat’s safety and the safety of others.1,2
Feline panleukopenia (FPV)
Feline panleukopenia (FPV), also known as feline parvovirus and feline distemper, is a deadly and highly contagious virus. While this illness can affect any type of cat, kittens, older cats, and those with weakened immune systems are the most susceptible. The virus progresses rapidly and is difficult to control, often leading to fatal outcomes. Fortunately, the FPV vaccine can effectively protect your cat from this virus.4
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes oral ulcers, fever, and other symptoms in cats. Because this virus spreads easily from cat to cat, vaccination is strongly recommended. Even if your cat has suffered from calicivirus in the past and is now a carrier for the virus, the vaccine can help reduce the severity of symptoms if the virus reactivates. This makes the FCV vaccine important for all cats.
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR)
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), linked to feline herpesvirus type-1, is a respiratory disease that often leads to conjunctivitis (also known as “pink eye”) and severe upper respiratory symptoms — such as sneezing, discharge, and corneal ulcers.1
The viral infection is passed between cats through their saliva or the discharge from their eyes or noses. Once a cat is infected with this virus, they become a carrier and the virus may reappear. However, by vaccinating your cat, you can reduce the chances of infection and help protect them from potential flare-ups in the future.
While the FVR vaccine doesn’t offer complete immunity, it can help significantly reduce the risk of your cat contracting the virus. Given how easily FVR spreads among cats, vaccinating your cat is highly recommended to help protect their health.
Non-core Cat Vaccines
Non-core vaccines aren’t required for all cats but may be recommended based on your cat’s specific lifestyle and environment. For example, a cat who spends all of their time indoors with no contact with other animals may not need as many immunizations as a cat who frequently goes outdoors or interacts with other cats.
Ultimately, you’ll want to speak to your vet to determine whether certain non-core vaccines are necessary for your cat.
Feline leukemia (FeLV)
Feline leukemia (FeLV) is a contagious disease that weakens your cat’s immune system and can lead to cancer. It spreads through close contact with an infected cat, such as through bites or shared grooming.5
There’s no known cure for FeLV, though it can be managed with medical care.5 If your cat interacts with other cats, especially outdoors, they could be at risk for infection. Talk to your vet to see if the feline leukemia virus vaccine is recommended for your cat’s lifestyle.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), also known as feline AIDS, is a virus that can severely weaken your cat’s immune system. While cats with FIV can still live healthy lives, it’s best to prevent infection when possible.
FIV is primarily passed between cats through bites and scratches. If your cat always stays indoors, their risk of infection is low, and the vaccine may not be necessary. However, if your cat spends time outdoors, you might consider this vaccine to help protect them from FIV.
Bordetella
This vaccine protects cats against Bordetella bronchiseptica, a bacteria that causes respiratory illness in cats and dogs. This highly contagious disease is often referred to as “kennel cough,” and it spreads easily in close quarters or poorly ventilated spaces — like boarding facilities or multi-pet households.1
While Bordetella is usually not fatal, especially in healthy cats, it can be uncomfortable for your pet. If your cat is exposed to other animals regularly, vaccinating against Bordetella may be a wise choice.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a rare but often fatal disease caused by a mutation of the feline coronavirus, called feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV). It primarily affects cats with weakened immune systems, including young kittens or cats that live in multi-pet households.
The vaccine for FIP isn’t widely recommended because it has limited effectiveness and the disease itself isn’t common.1 However, if your cat is at a higher risk due to their environment or health situation, you might consider discussing the FIP vaccine with your veterinarian to determine whether it’s a necessary next step.
When Do Kittens Need Shots?
A kitten’s vaccination schedule is crucial for ensuring they develop immunity against various diseases as they grow up. The timing of these vaccines depends on the specific shots your kitten will receive. Some core vaccines can be administered as early as 6 weeks of age, while others (like rabies) are given later.
According to PetMD, here’s the general timeline for when your kitten may need certain vaccinations:6
- 6 – 8 weeks old
- FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia): This is a combination core vaccine. The first dose is usually given during this period.
- 9 – 12 weeks old
- FVRCP (second dose): A booster is administered to strengthen your kitten’s immunity.
- Feline leukemia (FeLV): If your kitten is at risk of FeLV, the first dose of this vaccine may be given when they’re 8 – 12 weeks old.
- 12 – 16 weeks old
- FVRCP (third dose): Another booster is given to ensure your kitten is fully protected from these viruses.
- Rabies: The rabies vaccine is often required by law and should be administered around 12 weeks of age.
- 16 – 20 weeks old
- FeLV (second dose): A follow-up feline leukemia shot may be necessary 3 – 4 weeks after the first dose.
- 1 year old
- Booster shots: Your kitten will need booster vaccines for FVRCP, rabies, and FeLV (if applicable) to maintain their immunity.
The Cost of Cat Vaccinations
The cost of cat vaccinations can vary depending on factors like the type of vaccine, your location, and the specific veterinary clinic you visit. On average, routine core and non-core vaccines for cats may range from $10 – $50 per shot, depending on your cat’s specific situation.7
Here’s a general breakdown of the cost for common cat vaccinations:7
- Rabies: $20 – $30
- FVRCP: $20 – $40
- FeLV: $25 – $45
- Bordetella: $10 – $30
These prices can add up, especially if your cat requires multiple vaccines during their first year. Fortunately, MetLife Pet Insurance may help you cover the cost of routine vaccinations with our Preventive Care add-on plan. Having wellness coverage on top of pet insurance can help reduce out-of-pocket expenses for your cat’s healthcare and ensure they receive all necessary immunizations without breaking the bank.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cat Vaccines
Let’s consider some FAQs about cat vaccinations.
Do indoor cats need rabies vaccinations?
Rabies is contagious, and the vaccination is highly recommended (and sometimes legally required) for all cats, including those who stay indoors. Although your indoor cat is less likely to encounter the virus, the risk still exists, and rabies can be transmitted to humans.1,2 Vaccinating your indoor cat ensures they’re protected.
Do older cats need vaccines?
Yes, older adult cats still benefit from vaccinations, as their immune systems may weaken with age. Vaccines help protect them from illnesses they might otherwise struggle to fight off, which can increase their lifespan. However, if your senior cat has health concerns, it’s important to discuss the best course of action with your vet.8
Are there any side effects associated with cat vaccinations?
While cat vaccinations are generally safe, mild side effects can occur, such as slight swelling at the injection site, tiredness, or a low-grade fever. These reactions usually resolve within a day or two. In rare cases, more serious side effects, like allergic reactions, may occur.9 If you notice any unusual symptoms after your cat is vaccinated, contact your veterinarian for guidance.
What happens if a cat misses a vaccination?
If your cat misses a scheduled vaccination, it’s important to contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. Depending on how much time has passed since the missed vaccine, your vet may recommend rescheduling the shot or, in some cases, restarting the vaccination series to ensure your cat is adequately protected.8
Consider Investing in Cat Insurance
Cat vaccinations are an essential part of your pet’s healthcare. Both core and non-core vaccines can help ensure your cat lives a long, healthy life.
Are you looking for more ways to protect your cat? Consider enrolling in a cat insurance policy with MetLife Pet. Get your free quote today.